Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health care and holds immense potential for various fields, including the medical field, but it also brings its share of concerns and issues. This article introduces AI and its core concepts, such as deep learning, machine learning, and large language models (LLMs). It also provides examples that were generated using ChatGPT to highlight the use of prompts and the limitations of LLMs in AI. AI is a powerful paradigm for scientific research, and it can and does reduce work effort and enhance results. However, is it the right tool for the selected task? In addition, no matter how powerful, AI is meant to complement humans and does not replace them.
Abstract
Shoulder injuries can present a puzzling picture for physicians. It is important to understand how biases affect physicians when they are making decisions regarding shoulder surgery. This article discusses what can be considered “normal” for shoulder function, how to determine when surgery is and is not indicated, and what might delay return to work in workers' compensation cases.
Abstract
In evaluating pulmonary disease for impairment rating, determining the factors that contribute to the disease is critically important. These include lifestyle choices (eg, tobacco use) and environmental exposures. This article reviews how to evaluate what factors contribute to pulmonary disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
Abstract
A rigorous scientific approach to causation analysis is essential. This analysis must be rooted in both reliable case facts and trustworthy science. A question about assessing the causation of meningioma following mild head trauma is used as an example to highlight the six-step standard method for causation analysis to validate a causation claim. This article uses causation analysis to examine head trauma as a possible cause of a benign meningioma becoming malignant.
Abstract
Jurisdictions use impairment ratings differently, and physicians must understand the specific requirements in each jurisdiction. This article discusses a case of severe spinal cord injury for a jurisdiction that only rates extremity involvement.
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) may result from arterial, venous, or lymphatic disorders. Section 4.8 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), titled Vascular Diseases Affecting the Extremities (6th ed, 68-71), defines the impairment assessment process and provides separate tables for the lower extremities and upper extremities. Objective test results are the key factor, with grade modification based on reliable history and physical examination findings. This article provides an overview of the clinical assessment of PVD.
