Search for other papers by Joseph R. Spiegel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Steven Mandel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert T. Sataloff in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Judith Creed in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Physicians are infrequently asked to evaluate an individual with facial disfigurement following an injury because, when the face is injured, typically it heals without any ratable impairment. When a permanent facial disfigurement must be rated, physicians can use Section 9.2 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). Chapter 9 of the AMA Guides is unique because it deals only with permanent impairment related to the face's structural integrity, which may be only one aspect of a patient's condition that requires an impairment rating. Facial disfigurement may be the result of a complicated process, for example, a burn that involves multiple organ systems, each with a loss of function that requires an impairment rating. These ratings fall into one of four classes: Class 1 is used when the disorder is limited to the cutaneous structures and may involve a scar or abnormal pigmentation in the cutaneous structures of the face. Class 2 involves loss of some significant underlying supporting structure of the face without significant functional loss or major disfigurement such as a depressed orbital rim, frontal bone, or nasal bone. Class 3 indicates loss of a normal anatomic part or area of the face, eg, an eye. A facial disfigurement so severe that it precludes social acceptance is a Class 4 impairment.
-
1.
Logemann JA. Treatment for aspiration related to dysphagia: an overview. Dysphagia. 1986;1:34-38.
-
2.
Logemann JA. Approaches to management of disordered swallowing. Balliere's Clinical Gastroenterology. 1991;5(2):269-279.
-
3.
Buchholz D. Neurologic causes of dysphagia. Dysphagia. 1987;1:152-156.
-
4.
Newton HB, Newton C, Pearl D, Davidson T. Swallowing assessment in primary brain tumor patients with dysphagia. Neurology. 1994;44: 1927-1932.
-
5.
Abraham S, Scheinberg LC, Smith CR, LaRocca NG. Neurologic impairment and disability status in outpatients with multiple sclerosis reporting dysphagia symptomatology. J Neurology and Rehabilitation. 1997;11:7-13.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 893 | 855 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 38 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 0 | 0 | 0 |
