There is an association between obesity and restriction on pulmonary function testing when relying on the forced vital capacity (FVC) as the defining parameter for restriction. Body mass index (BMI) may not be the best measure of obesity, but it is the most commonly used. Multiple examples of regression formulae have been developed to explain the relationship between obesity and restriction, but these may be too complicated for general use. This article reviews the medical literature concerning this association.
Cocchiarella L, Andersson GBJ, eds. Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th ed. American Medical Association; 2001.
Crapo RO, Morris AH, Gardner RM. Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981;123:659–664.
Rondinelli RD, ed. Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 6th ed. American Medical Association; 2008.
Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:179–187.
Melo LC, da Silva MAM, Calles ACdN. Obesity and lung function: a systematic review. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2014;12:120–125.
Kasteleyn MJ, Bonten TN, de Mutsert R, et al.Pulmonary function, exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in asthma patients with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Respir Res. 2017;18:2004–20014.
Aaron SD, Fergusson D, Dent R, et al.Effect of weight reduction on respiratory function and airway reactivity in obese women. Chest. 2004;125:2046–2052.
Borasio M, Neunhaeuserer D, Gasperetti A, et al.Ventilatory response at rest and during maximal exercise testing in patients with severe obesity before and after sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2021;31:694–701.
Gabrielsen A-M, Lund ML, Kongerud J, et al.The relationship between anthropometric measures, blood gases, and lung function in morbidly obese white subjects. Obes Surg. 2011;21:485–491. doi: 10.1007/s11695-010-0306-9.
Noori IF, Jabbar AS. Impact of weight reduction surgery on static and dynamic lung volumes. Ann Med and Surg. 2021;66:102457.
Chen Y, Horne SL, Dasman JA. Body weight and weight gain related to pulmonary function decline in adults: a six year follow up study. Thorax. 1993;48:375–380.
Thyagarajan B, Jacobs DR, Apostol GG, et al.Longitudinal association of body mass index with lung function: the CARDIA study. Respir Res. 2008;9:31–41.
Babb TG, Wyrick BL, DeLorey DS, et al.Fat distribution and end-expiratory lung volume in lean and obese men and women. Chest. 2008;134:704–711.
Steele RM, Finucane FM, Griffin SJ, et al.Obesity is associated with altered lung function independently of physical activity and fitness. Obesity. 2009;17:578–584.
Salome CM, King GG, Berend N. Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108:206–211.
Sood A. Altered resting and exercise respiratory physiology in obesity. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30:445–vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2009.05.003.
Saliman JA, Benditt JO, Flum DR, et al.Pulmonary function in the morbidly obese. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008;4:632–639.
Al-Bader WR, Ramadan J, Nasr-Eldin A, et al.Pulmonary ventilatory functions and obesity in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17:20–26.
Chen YY, Kao TW, Fang WF, et al.Body fat percentage in relation to lung function in individuals with normal weight obesity. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–7.
Fogarty AW, Lewis SA, McKeever TM, et al.The association of two different measures of body habitus with lung function: a population-based study. Respir Med. 2011;105:1896–1901.
Fortis S, Kittah J, De Aguirre M, et al.Perseverant, non-indicated treatment of obese patients for obstructive lung disease. BMC Pulm Med. 2013;13:68–74.
Leone N, Courbon D, Thomas F, et al.Lung function impairment and metabolic syndrome: the critical role of abdominal obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:509–516.
Pan J, Xub L, Lama TH, et al.Association of adiposity with pulmonary function in older Chinese: Guangzhou biobank cohort study. Resp Med. 2017;132:102–108.
Sorlí-Aguilar M, Martín-Luján F, Flores-Mateo G, et al.Adiposity markers and lung function in smokers: a cross-sectional study in a Mediterranean population. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16:178–186.
Canoy D, Luben R, Welch A, et al.Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, United Kingdom. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:1140–1149.
Chinn DJ, Cotes JE, Reed JW. Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. Thorax. l996;51:699–704.
Cotes JE, Chinn DJ, Reed JW. Body mass, fat percentage, and fat free mass as reference variables for lung function: effects on terms for age and sex. Thorax. 2001;56:839–844.
Goto Y, Yokokawa H, Fukuda H, et al.Body mass index and waist circumference are independent risk factors for low vital capacity among Japanese participants of a health checkup: a single-institution cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med. 2015;20:108–115. doi: 10.1007/s12199-014-0431-5.
Lin W-Y, Yao C-A, Wang H-C, et al.Impaired lung function is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults. Obesity. 2006;14:1654–1661.
Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, et al.Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population-based study. BMJ. 2021;372:n365. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n365.
Minghelli B, Oliveira R, Nunes C. Association of obesity with chronic disease and musculoskeletal factors. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2015;61:347–354.
Ochs-Balcom HM, Grant BJB, Muti P, et al.Pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity in the general population. Chest. 2006;129:853–862.
Scarlata S, Pedone C, Fimognari FL, et al.Restrictive pulmonary dysfunction at spirometry and mortality in the elderly. Respir Med. 2008;102:1349–1354.
Watson RA, Pride NB, Thomas EL, et al.Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men. J Appl Physiol. 2012;112:118–126.
Wehrmeister FC, Baptista Menezes AM, Correa Muniz L, et al.Waist circumference and pulmonary function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2012;1:55–64.
Littleton SW, Tulaimat A. The effects of obesity on lung volumes and oxygenation. Respir Med. 2017;124:15–20.
Zhang R-H, Zhou JB, Cai Y-H, et al.Non-linear association of anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14596. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93985-0.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Spirometry NHANES III reference values. Accessed Oct 15, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/spirometry/nhanes.html.
Demeter SL, Soo Hoo ER. Apportionment in medical illness. AMA Guides Newsletter. 2015;20(4):9–16.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2098 | 2098 | 148 |
Full Text Views | 37 | 37 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 0 | 0 | 0 |