Chapter 7: The Urinary and Reproductive Systems
- Introduction
- 7.1 Principles of Assessment
- 7.2 The Urinary System
- 7.3 Upper Urinary Tract
- 7.3a Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-1: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-2: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-3: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-4: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-5: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-6: Upper Urinary Tract Disease: Impairment Rating
- Example 7-7: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-8: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-9: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-10: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-11: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- Example 7-12: Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- 7.3a Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Upper Urinary Tract Disease
- 7.4 Urinary Diversion
- 7.5 Bladder
- 7.6 Urethra
- 7.7 Male Reproductive Organs
- 7.7a Penis
- 7.7b Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Penile Disease
- 7.7c Scrotum
- 7.7d Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Scrotal Disease
- 7.7e Testicles, Epididymides, and Spermatic Cords
- 7.7f Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Testicular, Epididymal, and Spermatic Cord Disease
- 7.7g Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
- 7.7h Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Disease
- 7.8 Female Reproductive Organs
- 7.8a Vulva and Vagina
- 7.8b Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Vulval and Vaginal Disease
- 7.8c Cervix and Uterus
- 7.8d Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Cervical and Uterine Disease
- 7.8e Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
- 7.8f Criteria for Rating Permanent Impairment due to Fallopian Tube and Ovarian Disease
- 7.9 Urinary and Reproductive Systems Impairment Evaluation Summary
- References
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1.
Perkash I. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and detrusor hyperreflexia leading to hydronephrosis during intermittent catheterization. J Urol. 1978;120:620–622.
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Perkash I. Autonomic dysreflexia and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients. J. Spinal Cord Med. 20, 365, 1997.
Cystometric examination can define DSD and severity of autonomic dysreflexia which is associated with paroxysmal hypertension.
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Perkash I. Transurethral sphincterotomy provides significant relief in autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injure male patient: Long-term follow up results. J.Urol. 177, 1026–1029, 2007.
Two cases of spinal cord injury with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and detrusor hyperreflexia are presented. The importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia associated with detrusor hyperreflexia is discussed.
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The single kidney responds appropriately to a meat-protein load. There is no evidence from this study to suggest that hyperfiltration damaged the remaining kidney.
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Nitti VW, Adler H, Combs AJ. The role of urodyamics in the evaluation of voiding dysfunction in men after cerebrovascular accident. J Urol. 1996;155:263–266.
The cause of voiding dysfunction was determined in men who were at risk of obstructive uropathy after a cerebrovascular accident to evaluate whether the cause of voiding dysfunction could be predicted by the type (obstructive or irritative) or by the onset of symptoms.
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Burney TL, Senapati M, Desai S, Choudhary ST, Badlani GH. Acute cerebrovascular accident and lower urinary tract dysfunction: a prospective correlation of the site of the brain injury with urodynamic findings. J Urol. 1996;156:1748–1750.
Evaluates the effects of an acute cerebrovascular accident on the lower urinary tract and correlates the site of cerebrovascular accident with findings on urodynamic study.
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8.
Khan Z, Hertanu J, Yang WC, Melman A, Leiter E. Predictive correlation of urodynamic dysfunction and brain injury after cerebrovascular accident. J Urol. 1981;126:86–88.
Some characteristics are described for detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and the dyssynergic response in spinal-injured patients with complete lesions. The urodynamic evaluation and clinical problems are analyzed in 53 patients to identify the importance of early recognition of sphincter dyssynergia.
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Measurements of urethral pressures, such as maximum urethral pressure, are widely believed to have relevance in the management of urinary incontinence despite evidence to the contrary. In this study, maximum urethral pressure and the abdominal pressure required to cause stress incontinence were measured in 125 women with stress incontinence. In women, the abdominal pressure required to cause stress incontinence was unrelated to maximum urethral pressure.
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Shabsigh R, Fishman IJ, Quesada ET, Seale-Hawkins CK, Dunn JK. Evaluation of vasculogenic erectile impotence using duplex ultrasonography. J Urol. 1989;142:1469–1474.
A total of 140 patients underwent penile vascular evaluation with intracavernous papaverine injection combined with duplex ultrasonography. Of these patients, 8 were potent men who were evaluated for reasons other than erectile failure. These potent men were used as controls to obtain normal values. The remaining 132 patients had erectile impotence of various causes.
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American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. AACE clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Endocr Pract. 1998;4:4.
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